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The basics of whole and permanent life insurance.

August 27, 2025

When considering your financial strategy, life insurance may not be the first thing that pops into your head. However, life insurance can play a role in helping you protect your loved ones. Assuming premium payments are current, whole life and other forms of permanent life insurance offer lifelong coverage that can help your family address various personal finance issues, including estate management. Here’s how it works.

Whole Life Insurance

Whole life is a permanent life insurance covering the insured’s entire lifetime. It combines a death benefit with a cash value component. Typically, whole life insurance policies have the following in common:

  • Lifelong Coverage - Once the policy is set up and premiums are kept current, beneficiaries are eligible to receive a death benefit regardless of when the insured passes away.

  • Cash Value Accumulation - A portion of the premium contributes to a cash value account, which can increase in value over time. (Accessing this cash value may affect the policy’s death benefits.)

  • Fixed Premiums - Premium amounts typically remain constant throughout the policy's life, which can help your family budget wisely. 

Permanent Life Insurance

Permanent life insurance spans the whole of your life. While whole life is one form of permanent life insurance, it is not the only one. Two other common forms are universal life and variable life insurance. Each type has unique features designed to meet different financial needs and objectives.

  • Universal Life Insurance - Offers flexible premiums and death benefits, with cash value often based on the policy’s minimum rate. However, there is potential for changes in premiums and benefits over time.

  • Variable Life Insurance - Allows investment of cash value in various assets. The policy’s cash value and death benefits may fluctuate based on the performance of these investments.


Several factors will affect the cost and availability of life insurance, including your age, health, and the type and amount of insurance you purchase. Life insurance policies have expenses like mortality fees and other charges. If you surrender a policy prematurely, you might have to pay surrender charges and deal with income tax implications. It’s wise to determine whether you are insurable before implementing a strategy involving life insurance. Any guarantees associated with a policy depend on the issuing insurance company’s ability to continue making claim payments.

We believe protecting your family’s interests is vital to how you feel about life insurance. Let’s discuss which life insurance policy form might complement your overall strategy. We are here and ready when you want to discuss your options. 

Universal life insurance has certain features that make the policy suitable for some individuals. Whether universal life insurance is appropriate for you will depend on your goals, needs, and circumstances.
Accessing the cash value in your insurance policy through borrowing — or partial surrenders — has the potential to reduce the policy’s cash value and benefit. Accessing the cash value may also increase the chance that the policy will lapse and may result in a tax liability if the policy terminates before your death.

Universal life insurance can be structured so that the cash value that accumulates will eventually cover the premiums. However, additional out-of-pocket payments may be required if the policy’s dividend decreases or if investment returns underperform.

Variable universal life insurance can be structured so that the cash value that accumulates will eventually cover the premiums. However, additional out-of-pocket payments may be required if the policy’s dividend decreases or if investment returns underperform.

Generally, loans taken from a policy will be free of current income taxes provided certain conditions are met, such as the policy does not lapse or mature. Keep in mind that loans and withdrawals reduce the policy’s cash value and death benefit. Loans also increase the possibility that the policy may lapse. If the policy lapses, matures, or is surrendered, the loan balance will be considered a distribution and will be taxable.
Accessing the cash value in your insurance policy through borrowing—or partial surrenders—has the potential to reduce the policy’s cash value and benefit. Accessing the cash value may also increase the chance that the policy will lapse and may result in a tax liability if the policy terminates before your death.

Withdrawals of earnings are fully taxable at ordinary income tax rates. If you are under age 59½ when you make the withdrawal, you may be subject to surrender charges and assessed a 10% federal income tax penalty. Also, withdrawals will reduce the benefits and value of the contract. Life insurance is not FDIC insured. It is not insured by any federal government agency or bank or savings association. Depending on the performance of variable life and variable universal life insurance, the account value will fluctuate with changes in market conditions. At any time, the account value may be worth more or less than the original amount invested in the policy.

Please consider the investment objectives, risks, charges, and expenses before investing. Variable life and variable universal life insurance are sold by prospectus only. Information on fees and expenses can be found in the prospectus or obtained from your financial professional. Please read the prospectus carefully before you invest or send money.

This material was developed and produced by FMG Suite to provide information on a topic that may be of interest. FMG Suite is not affiliated with the named broker-dealer, state- or SEC-registered investment advisory firm.